Science Zone: NATURE

Ever Wonder Why We laugh

Whether it's the snickering of your tyke or the excited hollers of a television show's studio gathering of people, we hear chuckling each day. Nothing could be more normal. 
 
However, in light of the fact that it's 
normal doesn't make giggling any less unusual. 
Case in point, whenever you're at the motion pictures getting a charge out of some comic drama blockbuster, listen hard to the giggling around you. 
 
Why are all these outsiders, as one, blasting into such peculiar, heaving, snorting clamors? 
Their giggles might all of a sudden quit appearing to be natural, and more like the cruel babble of feathered creatures or the shrieks of 
monkeys at the zoo. 
 
When you begin taking a gander at giggling as conduct, it can prompt some odd inquiries. 
Why do we? 
Isn't that right? 
Do creatures snicker? 
 
Also, why do we expect that any fair James Bond scoundrel will chortle malevolently when uncovering his arrangement for global control? What's so interesting? 
 
To answer these and different secrets of giggling, We dove into the shockingly argumentative universe of giggling examination. 
 
Why Do We chuckle? 
 
The answer may appear glaringly evident: We snicker when we see something entertaining. In any case, the self-evident answer is not right, in any event more often than not. 
 
"Most giggling is not in light of jokes or funniness," says Robert R. Provine, an educator of brain research and neuroscience at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. We ought to know, he has led various investigations of giggling and created the book Laughter. 
 
One of his focal contentions is that funniness and chuckling are most certainly not indivisible. 
Provine did an overview of chuckling in the wild - he and some graduate understudies listened in on normal discussions out in the open spots and made notes. 
Also, in a review of 1,200 "snicker 
scenes," he found that just 10%-20% of snickers were produced by anything taking after a joke. 
 
The other 80%-90% of remarks that got a snicker were dull non-witticisms like, "I'll see you all later" and "It was decent meeting you, 
as well." 
 
So why the snickers? 
Provine contends it needs to do with the transformative improvement of giggling. 
In people, chuckling originates before discourse by maybe a great many years. Prior to our human precursors could converse with one another, chuckling was a less complex technique for correspondence or communication. 
 
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Ever Wonder Why We laugh

Whether it's the snickering of your tyke or the excited hollers of a television show's studio gathering of people, we hear chuckling...

How Mosquito Locate And Buzz in Our Ears

Typical of Africa, we heard odd stories, should I say myth about mosquito and ear. 
According to the story, the mosquito always visit the ear to remind it (ear) of the taunt that he (mosquito) is not a weakling. 
 
Here I will be talking how the mosquito locate and buzz in our ears. 
It all resulted as a dedication of a mother to bear her youngsters, 
natural basic however it might be, can deliver some amazing conduct. 
 
Out of the 3,000 known species 
of mosquitoes, a male mosquito has never been willing to feast on blood for his children. 
 
In many species the female requires a feast of blood to help in egg creation, not withstanding her standard eating routine of nectar. 
 
To observe casualties, the mother-to-be takes after signs like our body warmth, dampness and carbon dioxide discharges. 
 
Specifically, the carbon dioxide we 
breathe out draws in the bug to our heads, where they fly around searching for a delectable spot. 
And this is exactly how mosquitoes locate our ears in case if you're wondering how. 
 
The obvious buzz that goes before the jab of her proboscis is not some throaty pre-supper effortlessness, 
but instead the shrill whimper of quickly beating wings.

How Mosquito Locate And Buzz in Our Ears

Typical of Africa, we heard odd stories, should I say myth about mosquito and ear. According to the story, the mosquito always visit the ea...

Why We Cry When We Laugh Too Hard

Why do we cry when we giggle too hard? We cry when we're pitiful however why do we cry when we're excited by something? Being mise...

It's Supermoon Day

It’s that time of year again – a bright supermoon will appear in the night sky. 
Except that the supermoon may not appear that, well, super to make our earthbound eyes. 
 
“If you had a regular moon 
right next to a supermoon you could definitely see the difference, but you really won't be able to notice much of a difference just looking at it in the sky,” said Mike Narlock, head astronomer at 
Cranbrook Institute of Science, to CBS . 
 
An ever so slightly larger 
version of a full moon is 
called a supermoon, or more 
technically, a lunar perigee. 
The moon appears bigger because it orbits closer than usual to Earth. To the right is a comparison image of a full moon 
(left) and a supermoon (right). 
 
Still, in case you’re 
interested, the perigee will occur on Sunday, August 30 at 11 
a.m. EDT (1500 GMT), according 
to <a href='http://space.com'>space.com</a>. At that time, the×moon will be around 222,631 miles (358,290 kilometers) 
away. 
 
Unfortunately, that’s not the best time for those of you in North America. Your best bet is to view the full moon, which will be close to a perigee, on Saturday evening, August 29. 
 
Although the supermoon may not appear as lustrous as its name, the closer distance is important. When the moon orbits this near to Earth, the ocean 
tides become stronger. Thus, on the day of the supermoon and for three days after, the Earth 
will experience larger than typical tides. 
 
If you’re not in the mood to see a slightly larger moon, then perhaps check out the tides in your local area. Or even better, combine the two. 
 
Credit: <a href='http://ifls.com'>IFLS</a> 
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It's Supermoon Day

It’s that time of year again – a bright supermoon will appear in the night sky. Except that the supermoon may not appear that, well, super ...

Skin As Body Temperature Regulator

<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>The skin as we all know is the largest organ in the body. Also with exception of the bones and cartilages, it's the toughest tissue in the body. It does live up to its status by carrying out numerous functions such as protection, excretion, storage of food, sensitivity, regulation of the body temperature, production of vitamin D through the early sunshine and so on. 
 
Today we are going to see how the skin regulates the body temperature especially in we homoiothermic animals; animals with constant body temperature. 
 
This is truly amazing as how the skin keeps the body temperature constant regardless of changes in external environment though the liquid tissue cell (blood) also plays a role at body temperature regulation. 
 
On a hot day or weather, there's usually an increase in the temperature of the environment and the skin carry out the following processes to get rid of excess heat and thus to keep the body temperature constant. 
 
VASODILATION: 
There is a dilation of the capillaries near the skin surface and a constriction of those in the deeper layer. The impact of this is a large volume of blood flow close to the surface of the skin such that there's a loss of heat via the three mood of heat transfer namely; conduction, convection and radiation. 
 
DECREASE IN METABOLIC RATE: There is a reduction in metabolic activity by the skin or body and this reduces the heat released by metabolic activity and thus heat production is reduced. 
 
LOWERING OF HAIRS: We usually notice that the hairs especially those on the hands and legs rise and fall. Yes they rise and fall. 
During hot days, the hair erector muscles relax causing the hairs to lie flat on the skin surface. This expose most of the air trapped by the hairs and also heat from the body is lost as the air evaporates. 
 
SWEATING: 
The sweat gland is usually active during hot periods and there's large sweat production. As the sweat evaporate from the skin, latent heat of evaporation is also extracted from the body hence the heat of the body is reduced. 
 
On a cold day or weather, the following processes are done by the skin to regulate the body temperature. 
 
RAISING OF THE HAIRS: 
The hair erector muscle contract to raise the hair and trap more air during a cold weather. Since air is a bad conductor of heat, the layer of air next to the skin acts as an insulator and prevent heat loss from the body and conserves the normal body temperature. 
 
VOSOCONSTRICTION: There's constriction of capillaries close to the skin surface and also a dilation of capillaries in deeper layer of the skin. This brings about small volume of blood flow near the skin surface and hence prevents loss of heat and conserves body heat or temperature. 
 
INCREASE IN METABOLIC ACTIVITY: The skin increases the metabolic activity of the body especially the respiratory activity of the liver that release large amount of energy and heat. This help to generate the heat necessary to keep the body's temperature from dropping during cold weather. 
 
SWEATING: 
THE sweat gland become inactive on a cold day and hence there is very little production of sweat that gets evaporated thereby conserving the latent heat of vaporization and rather use it to keep the body temperature constant by ensuring no drop 'in temperature rate throughout the body. 
This is the very reason</div>

Skin As Body Temperature Regulator

The skin as we all know is the largest organ in the body. Also with exception of the bones and cartilages, it's the toughest tissue in t...

This Friday, There Would Be a Blue Moon

<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>This Friday, there will be a once in a blue moon occurrence. If you step outside, you might find yourself gazing out at a brimming, full moon. 
 
Disappointingly, it won't actually be blue; the term is a misnomer. In fact, a blue moon isn't any different to any other full moon. 
In the past, a blue moon was used to mean "rare," but now the name is given to any full moon that is the second to appear in one calendar month. The lunar cycle is around 29 
and a half days, and months of the year are between 28 and 31 days long. The probability of a full lunar cycle, from full moon to full moon, 
occurring precisely during this time window is therefore not very high. 
 
The next blue moon, by this definition, is going to be on January 31, 2018 – around two and a half years from now. There will be another blue moon two months after that on March 31, 2018, 
after which it will be another two-year wait. 
 
The term "blue moon" has evolved over the last 200 years or so. Initially, a blue moon was 
based on a complicated combination of. circumstances. In one astronomical season, there are normally three full moons and if there was ever a fourth, then that would be the blue moon. 
 
However, this all changed when a hobby astronomer, James Hugh Pruett, wrote an article that was published in the magazine <a href='http://skyandtelescope.com'> 
Sky and Telescope</a> in 1946. He defined a blue moon as any second full moon in a calendar month. 
 
This definition was incorrect, but it was so much easier to understand that the world scrambled to embrace this new definition. 
 
You might be feeling a little disheartened that the moon won't be blue, but blue moons in terms of color have been seen in the past under very special circumstances. 
 
Usually, these moons are reported after a volcanic eruption or even a forest fire, which release plumes of 
particles that rise into the atmosphere. The particles happen to be the perfect size to scatter away red light, only allowing blue light through the dust cloud. Out of the ashes, a blue moon appears. 
 
<a href='http://ifls.com'>IFLS</a> 
 
<a href='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-v6UZ2KyJpjc/VbsrPmwc4PI/AAAAAAAAAG0/hMyfNBjEwrM/s2560/1438329660547.jpeg' onblur='try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}'><img border="0" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-v6UZ2KyJpjc/VbsrPmwc4PI/AAAAAAAAAG0/hMyfNBjEwrM/s350/1438329660547.jpeg" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;"/></a></div>

This Friday, There Would Be a Blue Moon

This Friday, there will be a once in a blue moon occurrence. If you step outside, you might find yourself gazing out at a brimming, full moo...

How Ship's Floatation on Water Is Possible

<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>Why is that an iron Rod sink in water? But imagine a ship made by an iron rod does not sink? 
 
This question was asked by one of our readers and I considered it worthy of a blog post. 
 
The ability of an object to float on water depends on factors such as the nature of object, the surface area and so on. 
Let's consider the principle of floatation popularly known as Archimedes's principle, he noted that for an object to float on water, the weight of object must equal the upthrust on the object when immersed in water. 
However it's most important to know that an object only floats on a water if and only if the weight of the body equals the upthrust before it's fully immersed in a liquid. 
Have you witnessed that it's possible for a rubber cup containing water to sink in a bucket of water and a steel cup to float. The both can sink and float based on the condition stated above. 
 
Coming back to your question, you pointed out that iron sinks and so should anything made of it. That's wrong. 
Here we are talking of the surface area, ship has a large surface area and thus before it can sink, it has to displace a large amount of water and its weight on the water leads to increase in upthrust on the ship and thus the weight and the upthrust equals each other. 
The effect of surface area can be seen in this way. 
We know if a stone and a paper are fallen at a height and at the same time in a vacuum, they land the same time. Why that's is not true if done in the atmosphere is that the stone has small surface area unlike the paper. 
 
So the paper has to overcome more resistance from the air i.e displace more air to land compared to the stone.</div>

How Ship's Floatation on Water Is Possible

Why is that an iron Rod sink in water? But imagine a ship made by an iron rod does not sink? This question was asked by one of our readers...

EVER WONDER WHY BIRDS FLY IN V FORMATION

<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I stood gazing in wonder when a "V" flew past over me. Not actually a letter "V", rather a flock of birds in V formation. Still watching the beautiful scenery created by those birds in the sky, I noticed the one at the rear fly past others and replaced the leader. 
 
That's awesome I said having realized they possibly continued to change position when the leader is weak as our winged friends continue their migration 
 
Why do birds migrate? 
Why do birds fly in V formation? 
Why do the even prefer V shape? 
 
Away we flock with them to find the answer... 
 
Though not all birds migrate but more than half do. They are referred as migratory birds. 
Reasons why birds migrate to a different habitat vary but shouldn't be far from availability of food or for survival purpose i.e they respond to stimuli such as changes in weather. 
 
Flying in V formation is in fact a characteristic of migratory birds. 
Reason; to save energy during their long journey. 
 
Funny enough! birds migrate several kilometers away from their habitat. Don't be surprised why they mainly feed on grains because the grains provide the energy they burn up during their flight. Flying consumes a lot energy even a pilot can tell you that. 
 
Thanks to nature that has this amazing feature bestowed to our winged friends to enable their aerial adaptation. 
 
In the northern hemisphere, many birds migrate south during the winter months when the weather becomes too cold for them to survive in their northern habitats. Once spring arrives, the birds return to their homes. Equally as varied as the reasons for migrating are the ways in which different migratory birds make their journey. Some birds migrate alone, others travel in pairs and many move in large flocks. Some birds often migrate in swarms, while larger birds, such as geese,migrate in formation. 
 
Many times this migration takes the form of the letter V. 
Why? 
The reason birds prefer to fly in a V shape has puzzled researchers for many years. There are two general theories to explain the V-shaped phenomenon. The most accepted theory is that the formation of a flock influences aerodynamics, making it easier for the birds to fly. As the birds flap their wings, the air flowing off their wing tips gives birds in the back of the V an extra lift. 
 
This reduces the amount of energy the birds need to fly. Over the course of the migration, birds take turns leading the front of the V, the most difficult position. When a bird is tired of leading, it falls to the rear of the V, where there is the least wind resistance. Rotating through various positions in the V maximizes the use of each bird’s energy, allowing flocks to fly for long periods of time without having to stop. 
 
The second theory suggests flying in a V offers each bird an unimpaired line of sight as the flick flies through the air. This makes it easier for the birds to keep track of each member of the flock. Groups of fighter pilots often arrange their planes in V formation for the same reason.</div>

EVER WONDER WHY BIRDS FLY IN V FORMATION

I stood gazing in wonder when a "V" flew past over me. Not actually a letter "V", rather a flock of birds in V formation...

EVER WONDER WHY BIRDS FLY IN V FORMATION

EVER WONDER WHY BIRDS FLY IN V FORMATION

I stood gazing in wonder when a "V" flew past over me. Not actually a letter "V", rather a flock of birds in V formation...

SKIN AS BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATOR

SKIN AS BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATOR

The skin as we all know is the largest organ in the body. Also with exception of the bones and cartilages, it's the toughest tissue in t...

WHY WE URINATE MUCH AND OFTEN ON A COLD WEATHER OR DAY

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No one can claim that he's oblivious of the fact that we tend to urinate more and often during cold weather. Yes you heard me right! 
 
But why is it so? 
Well let me address the question once and for all. 
 
First! How does the body react during cold and hot weather with regard to even temperature distribution through out the body. 
 
But then when does one feel warm and cold? 
I mean how does the body cope with hemostasis, to sound less complex the regulation of the body's temperature in order to attain and maintain a fairly constant temperature rate. 
 
The blood and the skin see to that. 
The blood cell does its by even distribution of blood around the body to ensure an even body temperature. 
To be precise, the blood disperse the temperature of a particular part of the body to all other parts of the body. <a href="http://sciencezone12.blogspot.in/2015/02/skin-as-body-temperature-regulator.html/">The skin does its as body temperature regulator</a> 
 
The body is usually warm on a hot day as a result of heat from the sun and high metabolic activity in the body. When the body is warm, there's a stimulation for sweat production and this is due to the high metabolic activity of the liver which heats up the body. 
 
For the sweat to be evaporated from the body, latent heat of vaporization is derived from the body and thus the body's temperature is continually reduced as the sweat evaporate. 
This and cold weather bring about the sensation of cold stimuli while hot weather and high metabolic activity within the body lead to warm sensation we feel. 
 
Acknowledging this, it's also important to understand how the body dispose sweat in each atmospheric condition and thus why we urinate much and often during cold weather or atmospheric condition than the warm one. 
 
During hot weather, the skin helps the liver dispose excess salt or sweat produced by the sweat gland through body sweating because the sweat gland is highly active and produces high amount of sweat. 
 
Unlike hot atmospheric condition, the sweat gland is inactive during a cold day and produces very little sweat. The effect of this is a drastic reduction of heat or sweat loss through evaporation. Not only does this result to body heat conservation but also result to the skin not excreting excess salts or sweat and then the sweat become excreted by the liver as urine. 
That's why we urinate much and often on a cold weather or day.</div>

WHY WE URINATE MUCH AND OFTEN ON A COLD WEATHER OR DAY

No one can claim that he's oblivious of the fact that we tend to urinate more and often during cold weather. Yes you heard me right! ...

Why Well and Water Table Are Warm at Night or Morning During Winters

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It is widely noticed in our various life activities that well water and underground water are warm at night/morning but cold at the day during winters. 
In fact! Am a witness to that strange occurrence. Back in my childhood days, we usually ran to the well to draw water for our bath in the morning after comparisons has been made on the temperature of well, tank and underground water to normal ones. 
 
This sounds so ridiculous because the reverse is obvious with regards to the temperature differences at night and day and factors that effect temperature at whole. 
How comes this strange phenomenon? 
Why the reverse change in temperature? 
 
Let's see what answer nature has to offer us and the mystery behind this strange and odd... 
 
Let's study first the temperature of the atmosphere (which affects the water on the earth's surface) and the one beneath the earth or underground (which affect the water-table or underground water). 
 
Temperature on the earth's surface or atmosphere is easily influenced by external factors e.g weather conditions while the temperature beneath the earth crust is fairly constant ( fairly affected by changes). 
 
So if for example the normal temperature of the two kind of water in question is 1degree Celsius, after the heating of earth's surface by the sun and the cooling <a href="http://sciencezone12.blogspot.com/2014/10/the-higher-you-go-cooler-it-becomes.html"> read also-the higher you go, the cooler it becomes</a> the temperature of the water would drop below 1 degree Celsius but that of the underground water remain fairly constant e.g 1 degree Celsius. 
 
When we then touch the two water, we realize the underground is warmer than the other. 
 
Another reason is that heat of molten magma of any occurring intrusive volcanic eruption may affect the temperature of the underground water.</div>
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Why Well and Water Table Are Warm at Night or Morning During Winters

It is widely noticed in our various life activities that well water and underground water are warm at night/morning but cold at the day du...

IMPORTANCE OF FLIES TO LIFE

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That moment you are eating in an exposed place and the next thing is viam... a fly just perched on your food. 
 
Flies; one of the living organisms I hate most. Their presence alone irritate me. I always know them for their disadvantages and never saw anything good in them. I often classify them as the worst enemy to man's health because of their frequent visit to wastes. 
 
With that said, they're therefore vector of different diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera (housefly), trypanosomiasis; caused by a protozoan called trypanosome carried by tsetse fly and the list continues... 
 
Of what importance are houseflies? Are they created to deplete life or for inconvenience sake? 
I asked myself for I know that nature has made everything to be in harmony; beneficial to life it consist either in terms of feeding relationship or otherwise. 
 
To which organism is housefly a prey to? 
What role has it to play to life? 
 
"This housefly is actually gutted" I said to myself bewildered after making several gestures to scare off one that was just staring at me if not reckoning me. 
 
On closer observation, I noticed that my poor enemy looking fresh with eyes opened has no life in it. 
Whaaaaat!!! I exclaimed. 
"Which fluid feeder must have done this" I asked myself when the poor thing just turned to powder from my touch. 
 
Spider- a predator to housefly I figured out after some days. 
Housefly contributes to food chain, that's now obvious. Is that all? 
I found this study interesting now. 
 
Waste visitor, apart from taking toxic substances from waste, what else do they (houseflies) do to wastes. 
Funny enough each waste product they visit decays there after. 
Damn it!!! Houseflies are also decomposers through the larvae they bear. 
 
Here they play the greatest role one can ever think of. 
 
- Recycling of nutrients which brings about life indefinite. 
 
-Getting ride of dead organisms which would've made the environment disgustful, think about it if all dead things remain on earth surface. 
 
-Enrichment of soil nutrients which brings about adequate growth of plants we eat. 
 
- Release of carbon to the atmosphere which plants use during photosynthesis through decay of dead organism. 
 
...So, whenever you see them busy on waste or dead things, know they're carrying out their divine assignment. 
 
NOTE: Houseflies are not the only decomposers.</div>
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IMPORTANCE OF FLIES TO LIFE

That moment you are eating in an exposed place and the next thing is viam... a fly just perched on your food. Flies; one of the living ...

WHY DO TREES SHED THEIR LEAVES DURING WINTER?

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Being at a lower class back then in college is an experience one has to live up with. Fascinating, thrilling and also terrifying in sense that you always have to be 
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pushed around by those in higher form. 
 
One of the most challenging period then and will continue to be is returning back to school from the Xmas holiday. 
 
The school compound is messed-up by heaps of dry-shed leaves laying here and there. 
Of course you know whose responsibility to clear them - 'the junior students '. 
To get that done quickly, the senior students' services is employed. 
 
With sweat all over my body while working under the sun and dirt stocked-in in my fingers... for we were provided with crude or no tools at all; I would yell at the trees, " for goodness sake, why can't you hold on to your leaves". 
 
"WHY DO TREES SHED THEIR LEAFS" I wondered. This I keep on wondering till am advanced in class. Damn it! The trees respond to stimuli. 
 
During the winter, they try to save the little water that they can find. And to minimize loss of water to the atmosphere, they shed their leaves. Trees loose water through their leaves(stomata) 
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by a process known as transpiration.</div>
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WHY DO TREES SHED THEIR LEAVES DURING WINTER?

Being at a lower class back then in college is an experience one has to live up with. Fascinating, thrilling and also terrifying in sense...

A DAY ON MERCURY EQUALS 58 EARTH DAYS

A day on any planet is considered to be a full rotation. We’re used to this rotation taking around twenty-four hours and so it seems bizar...

THE HIGHER YOU GO, THE COOLER IT BECOMES

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YES I know the tittle sounds ridiculous because we do know that the sun is situated far higher in space. 
 
Also I guess it's normal for everyone to think that the further you move into the atmosphere,  the higher the heat intensity should be provided we're inch closer to the sun. 
Nevertheless,  this Phenomenon proves your thinking wrong with fantastic reasons. 
However this phenomenon is only true during the day. 
 
 Let's unravel the mystery now... 
 
Explanation of the phenomenon "the higher you  go, the cooler it becomes". 
 
In the atmosphere, there're no objects by which heat can be absorbed unlike the earth's surface where heat is absorbed by numerous objects. Those objects especially the good conductors in turn transfer the heat to surrounding objects or whatever they come in contact with. 
 
In other words, you just touched a desk that has been exposed to the sun; you felt the hotness of the desk because the heat absorbed by the object has been transferred to you. That way, heat is easily circulated on the earth surface. 
So the remnant of the heat radiation absorbed by the ozone layer comes directly to the earth surface leaving the atmosphere free from heat because there're no objects there let alone a conductor... 
Thus place nearer to the earth surface is warmer than the farer one. 
But in the night, it's the reverse because  there's no more heat radiation and the heat contents on the earth's surface is being evaporated leaving the earth's surface cool... 
 
You should figure out the rest! 
Greetings!!! 
</div>

THE HIGHER YOU GO, THE COOLER IT BECOMES

YES I know the tittle sounds ridiculous because we do know that the sun is situated far higher in space. Also I guess it's normal for...

DOES THE MOON MOVE?

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This's a very good question every learned person 
would like to know. Have you ever wondered why
the moon is in a different place every night?. 
 
There are two reasons. 
 
First of all, it depends on 
what time of day you are looking at the moon. For example, if you go outside tonight at 7:00 and tomorrow at 11:00, you would see the moon in two very different places in the sky. Not only that, but all the stars would be in different places in the sky as well!   
This is because the earth is spinning. 
It takes 24 hours for the the earth to spin once 
around, which means that from our point of view 
(sitting on the earth's surface) it looks like the 
sky and everything in it is moving around us once 
per 24 hours. (This is the same reason that the 
sun rises and sets every day, giving us daytime 
and nighttime.) 
 
But what would happen if you went outside on the second night at the exact same time you went out on the first night (7:00)? 
The stars will be in almost the same part of the sky as they were the first night. (Since you waited 24 hours, they had time to "move" around the earth once and get back to where they were before.) But the moon will be in a different place! In fact, you would have to wait a little while (usually an extra 30 minutes or an hour) until it got back to the same place as it was the night before. 
 
So what happened? 
How come the moon "fell behind" everything else? 
The answer is that the moon is moving. All the 
stars in the sky are pretty much standing still - 
they only look like they're moving because the 
earth is spinning, as I said above. But the moon 
is actually moving in orbit around the earth - it 
takes about a month for it to complete one circle 
around us.   
So the moon's motion has two parts to 
it. It looks like it's moving around the earth once 
per day along with everything else, but in addition to that it is actually moving around the earth once per month. That is what makes it move to a different place on the sky. 
It is even possible to watch the moon move, if 
you are patient enough. 
 
 If you carefully keep track of the moon and a nearby star for an hour or so, you should be able to see the distance between them change! 
 
 Moreover the moon is a satellite and all satellites 
move.</div>

DOES THE MOON MOVE?

This's a very good question every learned person would like to know. Have you ever wondered why the moon is in a different place eve...

WHY DO WE SALIVATE ON SIGHTING THE FOOD WE LIKE

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Well there is no theory behind this statement . It's
only an assumption. 
 
Here is my own view; 
 
When we think of good food we want to eat, we are tickling our appetite. When we do so, our salivary glands produce more saliva (hence our mouth "watering") in lieu of the effects to our appetite. 
Saliva contains enzymes and lubricants that help you begin the process of digestion as soon as food gets in your mouth. 
When you think of savory food, 
your body takes this as a cue to start gearing up for another round of digestion. 
Your 3 salivary glands (parotids, sublinguals, and submentals) begin excreting what they have stored and producing more for the upcoming morsel. 
 
This process of preparing to begin digesting food manifests a "watering" in your mouth. 
People with Sjogren's Syndrome lose their salivary glands, therefore their mouths don't undergo the same "watering" reaction that most people experience in response to savory food.</div>

WHY DO WE SALIVATE ON SIGHTING THE FOOD WE LIKE

Well there is no theory behind this statement . It's only an assumption. Here is my own view; When we think of good food we want ...

WHY DO WE DREAM?

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First, let’s start by answering a basic question – 
What is a dream? 
 A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. 
 
So why do we dream? 
What purpose dreams serve? 
 
While many theories have been proposed, no single consensus has emerged. Considering the enormous amount of time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling.   
However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. 
Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no 
real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. 
 
Ernest Hoffman, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton Wellesley Hospital in Boston, Mass., suggests that "...a possible (though 
certainly not proven) function of a dream is to be 
weaving new material into the memory system in a way that both reduces emotional arousal and is adaptive in helping us cope with further trauma or stressful events."   
Next, let’s learn more about some of the most 
prominent dream theories. 
 
Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams: 
Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, 
Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams suggested that dreams were a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. 
While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, Freud suggested that they find their way into our awareness via dreams. 
 
In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, 
Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised 
fulfillments of repressed wishes." He also described two different components of dreams: manifest content and latent content. 
Manifest content is made up of the actual images, thoughts and content contained within the dream, while the latent content represents the hidden psychological meaning of the dream. 
Freud’s theory contributed to the popularity of 
dream interpretation, which remains popular today. 
However, research has failed to demonstrate that 
the manifest content disguises the real psychological significance of a dream. 
 
Activation- Synthesis Model of Dreaming: 
The activation-synthesis model of dreaming was 
first proposed by J. Allan Hobson and Robert 
McClarley in 1977. According to this theory, circuits in the brain become activated during REM sleep which causes areas of the limbic system involved in emotions, sensations and memories, including the amygdala and hippocampus, to become active. 
The brain synthesizes and interprets this internal activity and attempts to find meaning in these signals, which results in dreaming. 
This model suggests that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. 
While this theory suggests that dreams are the 
result of internally generated signals, Hobson does not believe that dreams are meaningless. Instead, he suggests that dreaming is "…our most creative conscious state, one in which the chaotic, spontaneous recombination of cognitive elements produces novel configurations of information: new ideas. While many or even most of these ideas may be nonsensical, if even a few of its fanciful products are truly useful, our dream time will not have been wasted." 
 
Information-Processing Theories: 
One of the major theories to explain why we sleep is that sleep allows us to consolidate and process all of the information that we have collected during the previous day. 
Some dream experts suggest that dreaming is simply a by product or even an active part of this information-processing. 
As we deal with the multitude of information and memories from the daytime, our sleeping minds create images, impressions, and narratives to manage all of the activity going on inside our heads as we slumber.</div>

WHY DO WE DREAM?

First, let’s start by answering a basic question – What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that ...

NOSE: THE ULTIMATE AIR CLEANER

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Your nose does more than just decorate your face. Inside, you’re carrying around a personal air treatment system, cleverly designed to protect the delicate tissues of your lungs that transfer oxygen out of the air you breathe and into your body.Whether classically bold or cutely upturned, your nose: 
 
*.Filters the air, catching and trapping tiny particles before they can get into your lungs. 
 
*.Humidifies the air, adding moisture to keep your airways from drying out. 
 
*.Warmsthe air to body temperature beforeit reaches your lungsThis marvelous system is portable, durable–usually fairly quiet – and never needs batteries! But it does require some maintenance to keep it working at peak efficience. 
 
 
What’s Up Your Nose? 
 
When you breathe through your nose, the air goes past your nostrils into an open area inside your head called the nasal cavity before heading down your trachea and into your lungs through your windpipe.The whole system of airways is lined with a thin layer of sticky mucus that traps dust particles, bacteria and other pollutants. Tiny hairs called cilia sweep mucus from your nasal cavity into the back of your throat where it can be swallowed and neutralized in your stomach. More mucus is constantly being produced (2-4 cups perday) and the cycle goes on.An intricate network of blood vessels takes care of the heating and humidifying work. Folds of tissue (called turbinates) inside your nasal cavity provide a huge surface area of blood vessels that warm the air to body temperature and add moisture within seconds. 
 
 
Meddling With Mucus: 
 
Mucus must have just the right balance of stickness and fluidity for the filtering process to work efficiently. Allergic reactions and infections can disrupt this balance, and dry air, irritating chemicals and second hand smoke tip the scales even more.Allergens and infections alert your immune system to send extra blood cells to the lining of your nasal passages, making them swollen and inflamed (congested). 
 the same time, your nose produces extra mucus. 
This can overwhelm the cilia’s ability to clean things out – and leave you with a stuffed-up or runny nose. 
 
Strong scents and chemicals (such as those in tobacco smoke) can affect how well the cilia in your nasal cavity work, alsocausing mucus to build up.A dry nose also has trouble moving mucus effectively. When the air you breathe is very dry especially cold winter air), it may pull more moisture than usual from your nose. The resulting dried out nasal passages and thickened mucus will be less able to sweep out germs, leaving you more susceptible to disease. 
 
 
Mouth Breathing: 
 
Breathing through your mouth instead of your nose – because your nose is congested, perhaps, or during vigorous exercise – by-passes much of  your body’s natural air filtering and treatment. This can allow germs, allergens and other pollutants to get inside your lungs, where they can damage delicate tissues.It also allows unconditioned air to affect sensitive small airways. For example, drawing cold air into your lungs without letting your nose warm it up first has a two fold effect: 
 
*.The cold air makes your airways tighten up and constrict, so breathing becomes more difficult 
 
*.The dryness thickens mucus and clogs the cilia, so your lungs are less able to process oxygen and move it into your bloodstream. 
 
 
ACold in the Nose: 
A “cold” is a viral infection in the lining of your nasal passages. You may pick up the germs by touching contaminated surfaces with your hands then touching your nose or eyes or by being exposed to germs from someone’s cough or sneeze. When your nose is working efficiently, cold viruses are swept out of the nasal passages in your mucus. When it’s not, they can sit in your nose and make their way into your nasal tissue, causing infection. 
 
 
Asthma: 
Because the connection between the nose and lungs is so important, keeping your nose healthy can help reduce problems in the lungs such as asthma symptoms. Sensitive airways already compromised by underlying inflammation are primed and ready to react when exposed to allergens, irritants, excess mucus or cold air. 
 
 
How To Maintain a Healthy Nose: 
 
Although you can’t always control the temperature or contents of the air you breathe, you can take steps to keep your nose as healthy as possible by following these tips: 
 
*.Drink plenty of water to keep mucus thin and fluid. 
 
*.Help warm the air you breathe in cold weather by wearing a scarf over your nose and mouth. 
 
*.Keep nasal passages moist with saltwater nasal washes or sprays, especially if you are exposed to dry air, allergens or infection. 
 
*.When using nasal sprays, be careful to direct the spray toward the outer surface of your nasal passage, away from the center of your nose, to avoid damaging the septum (the tissue that separates the two sides of your nasal passage). 
 
*.Limit your use of decongestant sprays, which can damage the cilia that clear the nose and sinuses. 
*.Ask your healthcare professional whether any other medications you take could contribute to nasal problems. 
 
 
 For instance, diuretic blood pressure medications and some anti-anxiety medications have a drying effect on nose and throat; birth control pills, betablockerblood pressure medicines and erectile dysfunction medication can increase nasal congestion;eye drops can aggravate nasal symptoms when they drain into the nose with tears.</div>

NOSE: THE ULTIMATE AIR CLEANER

Your nose does more than just decorate your face. Inside, you’re carrying around a personal air treatment system, cleverly designed to pr...

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WHY DO WE SALIVATE ON SIGHTING THE FOOD WE LIKE

WHY DO WE DREAM?

NOSE: THE ULTIMATE AIR CLEANER

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